THE ENOS GUIDE TO THE OPERATION OF TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
By Rudi Enos
This guide, written in 1994 as a simple guide for erectors and managers, is now surely out of date. Attempts will be made in the near future to upgrade the references. 18/03/99
“He that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools."
Confucius
The information in this book is given as a guide only, and the author accepts no responsibility or liability for any mistakes made by the reader. Any statement in this book that refers to the law or its requirements is the authors opinion only, therefore if unsure about responsibilities, refer to the authorities or a solicitor. This book makes it quite clear that the responsibility in law lies with the manager or employer for their actions. Errors or Omissions Excepted (E&OE).
Copyright Rudi Enos. 1993
This document is protected by the copyright, designs and
patents act 1988. No part of this design may be reproduced, transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any other storage and retrieval system, without the permission of the author. All rights reserved.
ISBN 0 11 4*40*2 7
First Published 1994
INTRODUCTION
Good judgment comes from experience; and experience,
well, that comes from bad judgment." - Anonymous
Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will
surprise you with their ingenuity." - General George S Patton Jr.
As a designer, specifier, and contractor in the event industry, I admit to a bias towards the supplier. I freely admit to no vast experience or specialty in the field of safety legislation. I have, however, had experience of the widest possible range of projects on which to base my advice. The notes and advice in this guide are my genuine attempt to help someone who may be prosecuted for not realising their obligations.
In the event and construction industry, there are still many companies (or employers), that do not take the modern techniques of safety planning seriously. Companies must by law have safe working methods, and with the publication in recent years of new regulations to reduce unacceptable risk, they must now practise those methods.
Many excuses are heard, such as "I haven't time", or "Those regulations are for large companies", or "We haven't got time on site to fill in forms". It is self evident that if business is about achieving an objective with the least fuss and the least effort, no one will look for more work if they don't have to. We must also put aside the question of whether it is right to impose ever stricter legislation upon an industry (or industries), that has a very good safety record.
The fact is some of these 'new regulations' are not new at all, but are being enforced for the first time, and managers and employers are forced to adopt new ways.
This book is not complete, nor is it intended to be used in isolation. It is for each employer or manager to be responsible for his or her company's safety policy. The intention of this book is to help provide the framework to make that task easier, not to do the job for them. The change of emphasis towards safety in recent years has surprised many of us. Despite advance warning of the potential for change, such as the speed at which regulations were implimented at fairgrounds, many contractors still think that they don't need to comply.
As with any project this first version will be less than perfect, so any suggestions (alright then, useful suggestions!), will be gratefully received.
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Section 1... Laws and regulations you may need to comply with.
It is not what we do, but also what we do not do,
for which we are accountable."
Moliere
4 Quick steps on How to use the Guide
This book is intended to provide the framework for the operation of any form of temporary structure, be it a staging system or frame marquee, or a temporary site structure such as scaffold. Although the structures may differ, the safety regulations that cover them, generally do not.
The operating procedures; the way your company operates it's safety policy, the check's and counter check's to ensure efficient management of the structure, and the clear and concise instructions to your staff, will help your business as well as help meet the mandatory requirements of the Health and Safety at Work Act. With any temporary structure, the success of the unit is dependent upon it's installation and operation. If the structure is handled properly during transport, erection and dismantling, it's life span will be increased, it will look better and more professional, and the resulting installations will be safer for all concerned. The guide is intended to help document the movement with as little work from the site staff as possible.
The following steps should be taken to follow this guide;
1. Discuss the movement and erection of the structure with your colleagues or employees, and define a company safety policy. Write this out and make sure that you issue it to your employees. Insert or staple a copy into the guide, (not loose or the copies may get lost, possibly even deliberately).
2. You should ensure that you assess the risks that may be encountered by all employee's and self employed workers in the course of their daily work. Identify the hazards involved and issue guidelines. Copy this risk analysis into the space on page xx.
3. Determine the method statement for the structure that this copy of the guide is intended to cover:
This can be as simple as sitting down with site foreman or manager and talking through the erection procedure covering all critical points including loading, handling, and signing off. Write this out in as clear and concise a way as possible, and fill in the sheets on page XX. The benefits of this are that if an adequate and effective method statement is written down, staff training becomes much easier, and you can actually use this method statement for erection procedures. You can then check that your staff are using the correct techniques at all times. Copy this method statement into the space on page xx.
4. Using the method statement as a basis, determine an inspection procedure for your structure. As YOU are the experts in your structure, you will know the potential problems that could occur, and the inspection procedures to ensure that these problems do not happen. If you fill in a site inspection sheet on every erection, and if a problem or an accident should occur you can then prove that safe and effective measures and adequate inspection has been carried out at previous installations. In the event any form of investigation in the after math of a accident this is bound to be not only useful but important to you or your company. Copy this inspection procedure into the space on page xx.
These working practices, (in other words - the operation of the structure), are only procedures that government and safety legislators feel that you ought to be doing any way, and without the force of legislation or the implementation of guide lines, efficient contracting company's have utilised this basic form of on site control, to make their on site operations more efficient for many years.
SCOPE
This guide is not intended to instruct on or define specific installations, but to help provide the framework for an installer to operate within. It is not intended to replace or redefine publications issued by Government departments, but help the operator/contractor to comply with these other guides. With the major changes in attitude with the release of revisions or new guides such as;
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1993,
The Safety in Sports Grounds Act,
The Health and Safety Commissions, Guide to Health, Safety and Welfare at Pop Concerts and other Similar Events,
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994;
the contractor (whose expertise lays in contracting, not Law), can easily become confused.
This guide is an attempt at helping the contractor to carry out his legal obligations, and show that reasonable working practices were in place should he be held responsible for the aftermath of an accident.
Although no specific structures are quoted in this guide, the parameters are often the same no matter what type of structure is involved. For example, a stage can use exactly the same framework as a stage with a covered roof; but in one case the loads are all downloads, whereas on the other, uplift and downloads are encountered. In many cases the installer may have differing assessment methods than those in this guide. This does not mean that either method is wrong, but goes to show the wide diversity of installation methods in use. The defining principles are generally the same, however the structure is installed.
The Law And Responsibilities Of Users
It has always been a common preconception that under British law, a person is innocent until proved guilty. This is not necessarily the case, as under present legislation, (Ref. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974); if an accident occurs, an employer can be automatically guilty of an offence (even if he/she were not present), unless they can show that consistent and reasonable work methods were in place to prevent accidents. This is particularly difficult in the event industry where temporary and/or untrained staff are known to be used. A simple method statement should be drawn up by the contractor and issued to new or temporary staff.
Section 1.3.0Certification
1.3.1 Design parameters
The consequences of failure of any structure are so great that there is no doubt that it is easier to plan work schedules and erection techniques in the first place than to endure the results of failure. It is recommended that any structure have full working drawings and design details incorporated with analysis into operating instructions.
Design parameters for temporary installations are based on the following initial criteria (no order of prominence);
A./Safety
B./Compliance with Standards
C./Maintainability
D./Ease of installation
E./Ease of inspection
F./Risk assessment
G./Repeatability
H./General fitness of use, with emphasis on the implications of transporting mobile structures and erection in differing circumstances.
It is normal for any modern structure to have analysis undertaken with calculations for wind and snow loads (although snow loading is not usually applicable for temporary installations), maximum imposed loads, and ground bearing pressures of the framework or masts. The loads in cross braces or stays (usually the most important parts of the structure), must be given consideration as well as any large point loads that may be imposed. On tented structures the ground anchors become the dominating factor with all the variables involved, such as soil conditions, positioning of guys, etc. In addition to this, the side walls of tents and stage covers are often left open, so the thorny question of Dominant Openings arises.
1.3.2Legislation
In recent years the event and construction industries have seen many changes. These industries have gone in a few short years, from a situation where there were virtually no Codes of Practice, or Standards, or Legislation, to where we are today. On top of this the influence of European legislation and methods is slowly creeping in to the British scene.
The following Acts may have some bearing on your work activity; this is by no means a full list so check carefully. See section 3.
1.3.3Guides
The following Guides, Standards, and Trade Association Codes of Practice may help with your assessment of operations. See section 3 for reference.
1.3.4Standards
1.3.5Trade Association Codes Of Practice
SECTION 2 ...
ADVICE AND FORMS TO HELP COMPLY WITH REGULATIONS
There is nothing new under the sun, but there are lots
of old things we don't know."
Ambrose Bierce
In a perfect world, no one would make mistakes, and no one would pay the consequences. At the present time, there is increasing evidence of management being prosecuted for not fulfilling statutory requirements. The following forms do not absolve management from the requirements but they do help meet those requirements, particularly in the event of an accident.
In such a case, IF the following forms have been filled in, the management will have shown, in writing, a history of safe and prudent practice at their PREVIOUS installations.
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Section 2.1.0./installation
2.1.1Stock control
This section is not intended to cover the financial control of stock, but the physical one. Safer handling may result in less damage to the stock, and prolong it's life. Proper chocks to support the load, skips where possible, and load restraint straps will all help with the safe handling of equipment.
Accurate instructions for staff will help with this matter, such as loading lists, loading instructions, and laying out procedures. The end result of all this is that your whole operation will be more efficient, as well as safer.
2.1.2Loading and handling
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 cover lifting and loading operations that may result in injury. Under these regulations the employer is required to avoid the need for loading or moving equipment manually if possible. If the equipment must be loaded manually, any risk ensuing must be kept to the minimum. In addition to this, all equipment should be loaded in a way that the load will not move in transit, or be damaged by its own weight. The members of the structure will have a longer life span if they are properly looked after, and will give the client more confidence in the product, by looking in better condition.
In general, common sense will govern the loading and unloading of structures, but it is worth mentioning that mobile and temporary structures usually have more damage inflicted by the erection, dismantling and transport phases of their life, than during the use period.
Other references;
The Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations 1961
Lifting Plant and Equipment (Records of Tests and Examination) Regulations 1992
2.1.3Siting
The siting of all temporary structures involves common sense most of all. Good access, safe fire exits, solid ground for siting, the ability to service the units, these are all criteria for safe installation. Other questions are; is it suitable for the intended use?, is it well drained?, is it level?, does it have good access roads?, are there secondary exits for emergency vehicles?. Installers must insure that a reasonable distance be kept from nearby buildings or fences to restrict the potential spread of fire, and that there is nothing hazardous underground that can be affected by groundworks or stakes.
Choosing the site for your event is the hardest part of the planning. Don't persuade yourself that it is suitable if it isn't. The right combination of usability, convenience, access, drainage, and soil conditions, have to be there before confirming the site.
Artificial roadways may be required in muddy weather. If soft soil conditions are encountered, timber spars may be used to spread the point loadings at ground level.
The overall level of usefulness of a site can be very easily determined using the Winston Churchill Method, which is to take a blank sheet of paper, draw a line down the middle, put the pro's on the left and the con's on the right and see how the pro's and con's add up.
2.1.4Erection
Many temporary structures are erected for use either directly or indirectly by the public. Government publications warn of the public's right to safety without need of special care. Many who use these structures will be preoccupied with other tasks, and will not make allowances for hazards. If a brace or side guy is capable of tripping someone, then it surely will trip them! The answer is to use adequate erection and signing off methods to look for those points that may cause problems in use.
The erector must use a system, either as approved by the manufacturer or a system devised by themselves that allows the structure to be erected without imposing undue strains on the structure itself, during the process of erection. Erection techniques must be devised that allow the structure to be assembled without damage to its own fabric, (meant in the literal term), or the site, or other people working nearby. During erection the structure may not be stable itself, and will need measures to stabilise it. At this time, workers and riggers who are not directly working on the structure must be kept aware of progress and not allowed under the working area. If members are being hoisted from the ground, at least one person should ensure that (for instance), a passer by does not walk across the erection area. Unauthorised access to the working area is to be discouraged in any case. These erection techniques must be written down in the form of a Method Statement for examining officers to refer to. Plans and diagrams for the structure should be available at all times. Test certificates or any other documentation should be copied and kept with the plans.
Access equipment or rigging must be checked to ensure that no damage has taken place since the last installation. Protective clothing, (hard hats, boots, overalls, safety harness etc.), should be supplied where necessary. Where possible, the structure should be assembled at ground level and then hoisted into place. The safe use of ladders, working platforms, and powered equipment is covered by HSE publications and does not need repeating here.
All bolts or spring fasteners must be in good working order and well maintained. Spare fasteners should be carried in case of shortages.
2.1.5Signing off
Once the structure is complete, it can be formally signed off by the suitability qualified or competent person in charge using the Site Log. This then brings us to the whole question of exactly who is qualified when formal qualifications are not general practice in the event industry. See page 42 for details on training.
The Inspection Procedure should be defined after careful discussion with the employer, his/her foreman/site manager and staff. This can be as simple or as detailed as required, bearing in mind that site crew rarely spend the time to read instructions on site! This inspection procedure can be written into the form on page 30.
This signing off process is a fundamental part of the whole procedure of self inspection. If this becomes second nature, then it ceases to be a chore, but can suffer from a casual attitude to inspection, which must be avoided.
2.2.0./ASSESSMENT
2.2.1Documentation
Layout and construction drawings for each structure should be copied and accompany the check list along with performance criteria such as design loads, engineers calculations, manufacturers instructions, test certificates, and the codes used to supply the above.
2.2.2Visual Inspection
When examining the structure the prime considerations are;
That the frame work of the structure should be checked for damage such as dents, fractures, cuts, deformed stays or members, rust, or poor condition at any time.
The ground conditions the structure is sited upon, soft soil conditions, nearby drains or underground power supplies.
The general condition of the structure, its framework, and any supporting braces. Are all adjustable legs evenly tightened? Are all cross braces in place? Is the structure in good condition generally?
The fixings of the structure, such as bolts and nuts, pins, braces, cables with rigging screws, surface fixings, tie-downs on roofs, and tensioning guys.
On fabric structures and covered stages, the design study usually shows that uplift is the predominant factor, therefore the ground anchors have a major bearing on the performance of the structure. Few stakes or ground anchors will hold at much over 1,000 KG, so larger loads will require double staking in soft conditions or high winds.
2.2.3Risk Assessment
The site foreman should fill in the Risk Assessment form on page 20 to help ensure that the particular structure is assembled and erected to the outlines of the Method Statement for this structure. Hazards and potential risk should be logged on the Risk Assessment form for use by others, and added to with the benefit of experience, to help devise safe working practices.
2.2.4EXAMINING OFFICERS
When authorities send officials out to examine a site for health and safety, fire regulations, or structural assessment, some contractors react to this in a confrontational manner. This is to be avoided, as it is not only non productive, but the officer him/her self truly has No Choice but to enforce the regulations.
2.3.0MAINTENANCE
2.3.1Planning
Regular rotation of stock is advisable so that wear and local damage factors remain constant across the stock. Planned usage of stock increases the useful life of the equipment in terms of the visual aspect, as well as in performance terms.
2.3.2Logging maintenance
Invoices, repair bills and inspection sheets should be kept for future reference to log the progress of the structure during it's life cycle.
2.3.3Damage log
TIME....DATE....DAMAGE..
ACTION..
TIME....DATE....DAMAGE..
ACTION..
TIME....DATE....DAMAGE..
ACTION..
TIME....DATE....DAMAGE..
ACTION..
TIME....DATE....DAMAGE..
ACTION..
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR SPECIFIC STRUCTURES
(Write the information on the following lines).
2.4.0RISK ANALYSIS
2.4.1Risk analysis form
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1993; requires all employers and self employed workers to assess the risks in the course of their daily work. Fill in this form to provide this risk assessment for the structure in question.
Structure..................................................................Date....................................
Identify the hazards involved with the installation of the structure.
1
................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.
................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.
................................................................................................................................................................................................
4.
................................................................................................................................................................................................
List any staff that may be exposed to those hazards
1./Staff
....................................................................................................................................................
2./Staff
....................................................................................................................................................
3./Staff
.....................................................................................................................................................
State any measures that may be taken to reduce risk to staff and users.
1./................................................................................................................................................................................................
2./................................................................................................................................................................................................
3./................................................................................................................................................................................................
Other comments.
2.5.0Statement - Employers Safety Policy
Section 2 of The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 requires all employers who employ 5 or more workers to have a formal policy on safety. To comply with this Act, prepare a written statement of safety policy which defines the measures that the workforce need to take to carry out that policy. Either fill in below or staple a copy to this page.
2.5.1Safety Policy form
Company/Firm Date
MD/Owner
The policy of this company towards safety is:
.6.0ACCIDENT LOG
All accidents and incidents must be written down in this accident log stating time and date of the occurrence. Some accidents may need to be reported to the authorities under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985. For specific details and advice contact your local HSE office.
2.6.1Accident Log
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
Date....Time....Incident....
2.7.0METHOD STATEMENT
2.7.1 Fill in the Method Statement for your structure
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 requires contractors involved with construction projects to minimise risks to workers and others. In order to comply with general practice it is advised that a formal erection procedure be defined and laid down in a Method Statement.
STRUCTURE.. ..
DATE. . TYPE ..SIZE ...
The following methods and procedures are normally used to erect the above named structure.
1./............Stage 1
3./.............Stage 3
Other.
2.8.0INSPECTION Procedure AND CHECK LIST
2.8.1 Site Log and Check List
The following sheets require only a minute of time to fill in once you have carried out your inspection procedure. A qualified person (foreman/woman, site manager, or employer), should inspect and sign off the structure. Then if the client or his/her agent is present, ask them to sign the form as witness to the inspection. This is in their interest, as when you go off site they become responsible for the use of the structure.
Another bonus is that although a safety check is not necessarily a final inspection, it does give a chance for the client to comment on other aspects of the installation, and it can't hurt to have a formal acknowledgement from the client that you have carried out the inspection procedure.
The following pages show examples of the Site Log and Check List. In the final publication there will be 52 of these pages to allow for 52 installations.
SITE LOG AND CHECK LIST
SITE.
LOCATION .
DATE.
STRUCTURE.
TYPE.
1./ INSPECT (SITE/GROUND/SOIL CONDITIONS).
2./ ORGANISE UNLOADING.
3./ MARK OUT SITE.
4./ PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
5./ ACCESS EQUIPMENT.
6./ NON SITE CREW EXCLUDED FROM ERECTION AREA.
7./ COMMENCE ERECTION.
8./ CERTIFICATES FOR LIFTING GEAR.
9./ CHECK LIFTING GEAR.
10./ EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURE DURING ASSEMBLY.
11./ CLEARING SITE OF EXTRANEOUS MATERIALS.
12./ FINAL INSPECTION PROCEDURE AND SIGN OFF SITE.
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE ABOVE SAFETY CHECKS, PROCEDURES AND
INSPECTIONS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT.
SIGNED SITE FOREMAN/MANAGER.
WITNESSED (CLIENT).
WITNESSED (SITE MANAGER).
The witness's signatures are not mandatory, but recommended.
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
Fill in your inspection procedure.
Training
Fork lift licences, first aid kit.
SAMPLE INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEMPORARY STAFF
10 POINTS TO BE AWARE OF
1./If the company you are working for has 5 or more employees, it will have a written Safety Policy which will set out the arrangements to make sure you have a safe working environment. The company has written sheets for the structure you are working on, in respect of, the Risk Analysis form, the Inspection Procedure, the Accident Log, and the Maintenance Form to log damage. If you do not use them, you are breaking the law!
2./By law, you must not damage or misuse anything provided for safety.
3./Erecting temporary structures can be hazardous. Be aware at all times!
4./Access equipment (ladders, scaffold towers, man hoists, etc.), is to be used in any situation involving risk. This equipment is not to be used for playing upon, or 'joyriding'. Never ride on the forks of a fork lift truck.
5./Do not drive vehicles or use machinery on site unless you are trained and licensed to do so.
6./If you are issued with protective clothing or equipment, use it.
7./As a temporary worker with your firm, you have rights and obligations some of which are the same as a permanent worker. You are also required to be courteous and polite at all times, and refrain from swearing or making a nuisance of yourself.
8./Sanitary arrangements are not always obvious, so ask the foreman, do not just wander off to look.
9./The company has a formal Method Statement for the erection of the structure you are working on, if needed, ask for a copy.
10./If unsure about anything, ask.
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SECTION 3...REFERENCE
Politics is not the art of the possible. It consists of choosing between the disastrous and the unpalatable." -
John Kenneth Galbraith
SECTION 3 REFERENCE
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." - Martin Luther King
3.1.0The Law
Present legislation requires employers to assess the risk to health and safety and use suitable measures to reduce those risks to an acceptable level. The reasonable assumption that can be taken is that some risk is unavoidable, but this unavoidable risk must be undertaken on sure and reasoned safety procedures. The following regulations may affect your sphere of work.
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974;
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1993;
The fire safety and safety of places of sports act 1987;
Electricity at work regulations 1989;
The Fire Precautions Act;
The Environmental protection act 1990;
The Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982;
The Licensing Act 1964 as amended by the Licensing Act 1988;
The Safety in Sports Grounds Act;
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994;
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985
Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
Private Places of Entertainment (Licensing) Act 1967
The Civic Government (Scotland ) Act 1982
The Explosives Acts 1875 and 1923
Zoo Licensing Act 1981
Useful Numbers
St. John Ambulance
1 Grosvenor Crescent, London SW1X 7EF. 071-235-5231 Fax 071-235-0796
Telex 0860-711679
BSI
(British Standards Institute)
2 Park Street, London W1A 2BS.071-629-9000Fax 071-629-0506
British Safety Council
70 Chancellors Road, London W6 9RS. 081-741-1231 Fax 081-741-4555
Festival Welfare Services
61B Hornsey Road, London N7 6DG.071-700-5754Fax071-700-6964
3.2.0Standards
BS 5588: part 6: 1991
BS 5266: part 1: 1988 emergency lighting
BS 4293; 1983 specification for residual current operated circuit breakers
BS Code of Practice (CP) 3, Chapter V, Part 2 - Wind loads for outdoor structures
BS (BS EN 60825) Radiation Safety of Laser Products, Equipment Classification, Requirements and Users Guide
BS 1139 Requirements for handrails used in work areas
BS 2560 Specifications for internally illuminated exit signs
BS 3120 Flame Retardant Fabric requirements (Existing materials and structures manufactured to this standard only remain acceptable until 31 Dec. 1995)
BS 3169 Specifications for the type of hose used in Fire Hose Reels
BS 3944 Flammability requirements for colour filters or effects lighting
BS 4293; 1983 specification for residual current operated circuit breakers
BS 4343 Specification for industrial plugs, socket outlets and couplers etc.
BS 476 Part 7 - Fire Considerations for solid sheet materials
BS 4790 Method of Determination of the Effects of a Small Source of Ignition on Textile Floor Coverings
BS 5266: part 1: 1988 emergency lighting
BS 5274 Specifications for the Installation of Fire Hose Reels
BS 5287 (Table 1) Specification for the Assessment and Labelling of Textile Floor coverings tested to BS 4790
BS 5306 Specifications for the Provision and Allocation of Fire Extinguisher
BS 5339 Part 1 Specifications for wiring of public address system
BS 5423 Specifications for Fire Extinguishers used in Fires involving Electrical
Equipment
BS 5438 Tests 2A and 2B Specifications for durably flame retarded fabric
BS 5499 Part 2 Requirements of self-luminous fire safety signs
BS 5550 Part 7 Code of Practice for distribution of AC electricity for location
lighting
BS 5588: part 6: 1991.
BS 5725 Part 1 Specifications for Door Fastenings.
BS 5725 Part 1 Specifications for Exit routes.
BS 5810 Specification for the Provision of Sanitary Conveniences for People with
Disabilities.
BS 5839 Specifications for Means of Giving Warning in case of Fire in Buildings not designed for Public Assembly.
BS 5867 Specifications for Fire Safety Advise on Curtains, Drapes and other Materials.
BS 6007 Specifications for cables used on stage or for stage equipment.
BS 6307 Method for the Determination of the Effects of a Small Source of Ignition
on Textile Floor Coverings.
BS 6399 Part 1 Recommendations for the minimum load stages should be designed to support.
BS 6465 Specifications for Sanitary Conveniences in Buildings used for Public Entertainment.
BS 6575 Specifications for Fire Blankets.
BS 7114 Part 1 Specifications for Pyrotechnics.
BS 7157 Fabric Test.
BS 7430 Code of Practice for Earthing .
BS 7671 Requirements for Wiring Installations.
BS EN 2 for Classification of Fires.
BS Specifications for the Installation of Fire Extinguishers.
BS 6661 Recommendations for air supported structures.
BS 7443 Specifications for sound systems used in the event of an emergency.
BS 5499 Part 1 Specifications for fire safety signs and notices.
3.3.0Regulations
IEE regulations for electrical installations (IEE wiring regulations)
16th edition - 1st JANUARY 1993
The Health and Safety Commission; Guide to Health, Safety and Welfare at Pop Concerts and other similar events.
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
The noise council: Draft code of practice for environmental control at open air pop concerts.
The Noise Council, 16 Great Guildford Street, London, SE1 0ES
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985
The Health and Safety Commission; Guide to Health Safety and Welfare at Pop Concertsand other similar events.
The Home Office/The Scottish Office Guide to Fire Precautions in Existing Places of Entertainment and Like Premises
The Home Office/The Scottish Office Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds
Home Office publication - Dealing with Disaster (ISBN 0-11-341044-1)
HSE Guidance note GS-31 - Safe use of ladders
Avoidance of Danger from Overhead Electricity Lines (GS6)
Avoidance of Danger from Underground Services (HS(G)47)
Health and Safety (Enforcing Authority) Regulations 1989
HSE Approved Code of Practice for Facilities provided for Employees
HSE booklet IND (G) 102L Electrical Safety for Entertainers
HSE Guidance Note GS50 Electrical Safety at places of entertainment
HSE Guidance Note PM19 Use of Lasers for Display Purposes
HSE Noise Guides 1 to 8
HSE Summary Sheet SS5 - Suspended Cradles and Small Lifting Appliances
Lifting Plant and Equipment (Records of Tests and Examination) Regulations 1992
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1993
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
3.4.0Trades Associations and Codes of Practice
NOEA
(The National Outdoor Event Association) - Code of Practice - Outdoor Events
7 Hamilton Way, Wallington, Surrey SM6 9NY. 081-669-8121 Fax 081-647-1128
MUTA
(The Made Up Textiles Association) - Code of Practice - Operation of Marquees.
MOCA
(Mobile Outdoor Caterers Association) - Code of Practice
MOCA House, 180 Lincoln Road, North Olton, Solihull, Birmingham B27 6RP. 021-693-7000Fax 021-608-6611
BALPPA
(British Association of Leisure Parks, Piers and Attractions)
25 Kings Terrace, London NW1 0JP. 071-383-7942 Fax 071-383-7925
Showmen's Guild of Great Britain
Guild House, 41 Clarence Street, Staines, Middlesex TW18 4SY.0784-461805
Fax 0784-461732
PLASA
(Professional Lighting and Sound Association)
7 Highlight House, St. Leonards Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 3UH. 0323-410335Fax 0323-646905
TESA
(The Event Suppliers Association)
29 Market Place, Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 8BG.0235-772207Fax 0235-769044
ABTT
(Association of British Theatre Technicians) - Safe Sound - A Guide to Electrical Safety for Musicians, 1980
47 Bermonsey Street LondonSE1 3XT071-403-3778Fax 071-378-6170
BECA
(British Exhibition Contractors Association)
Kingsmere House, Grantham Road, Wimbledon, London SW19 3SR.081-543-3888Fax 081-543-4036
Association of Show and Agricultural Organisations
The Showground, Winthorpe, Newark, Nottingham, NG24 2NY.0636-702627
Fax0636-610642
SECTION 4 Sample Forms
It is impossible to make anything foolproof,
because fools are so ingenious" - anonymous
SECTION 4./SAMPLE FORMS
SAMPLE Risk analysis form
SAMPLE FORMS
SAMPLE SAFETY POLICY form
SAMPLE FORMS
SAMPLE METHOD STATEMENT form
SAMPLE FORMS
SAMPLE METHOD STATEMENT form - continued
SAMPLE FORMS
SAMPLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE form
THE ENOS GUIDE
TO THE OPERATION OF
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES.
Published by
Phaedrus Press
Printed by
Sheffield Printing Centre
Caxton House, 320 Petre Street, Sheffield, S4 8LL
Tel - 0114 242 5530
Fax - 0114 256 1867
Phaedrus Press
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